Bash Pedia

Detect if user's path has a specific directory in it

bash path shell

Question

With /bin/bash, how would I detect if a user has a specific directory in their $PATH variable?

For example

if [ -p "$HOME/bin" ]; then
  echo "Your path is missing ~/bin, you might want to add it."
else
  echo "Your path is correctly set"
fi
1
41
6/19/2015 10:09:29 PM

Accepted Answer

Something really simple and naive:

echo "$PATH"|grep -q whatever && echo "found it"

Where whatever is what you are searching for. Instead of && you can put $? into a variable or use a proper if statement.

Limitations include:

  • The above will match substrings of larger paths (try matching on "bin" and it will probably find it, despite the fact that "bin" isn't in your path, /bin and /usr/bin are)
  • The above won't automatically expand shortcuts like ~

Or using a perl one-liner:

perl -e 'exit(!(grep(m{^/usr/bin$},split(":", $ENV{PATH}))) > 0)' && echo "found it"

That still has the limitation that it won't do any shell expansions, but it doesn't fail if a substring matches. (The above matches "/usr/bin", in case that wasn't clear).

5
9/8/2009 8:19:49 PM

Using grep is overkill, and can cause trouble if you're searching for anything that happens to include RE metacharacters. This problem can be solved perfectly well with bash's builtin [[ command:

if [[ ":$PATH:" == *":$HOME/bin:"* ]]; then
  echo "Your path is correctly set"
else
  echo "Your path is missing ~/bin, you might want to add it."
fi

Note that adding colons before both the expansion of $PATH and the path to search for solves the substring match issue; double-quoting the path avoids trouble with metacharacters.

Gordon Davisson

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